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Andhra Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India whose recorded history begins in the Vedic Period. Andhra Pradesh is mentioned in Sanskrit epics such as Aitareya Brahmana (800 BCE). The Assaka Maha-Janapada (700–300 BCE) was an ancient Indian kingdom located between the rivers Godavari and Krishna in southeastern India.〔https://archive.org/stream/ancientindiantri032697mbp#page/n105/mode/2up〕 There are accounts of people in the region being descendants of Viswamitra; these are littered in all versions of Ramayana, Mahabharata and Puranas. == Historical Overview == In the 6th century BCE, Assaka was one of sixteen kingdoms of India. The Assaka were succeeded by the Satavahana (230 BCE - 220 CE) who built the city of Amaravati. The Satavahana empire reached its zenith under Satakarni. At the end of the Satavahana period, the Telugu region was fractured into feudatories under various lords. During the latter part of the 2nd century CE, the Andhra Ikshvakus ruled the eastern region along the Krishna river. During the 4th century, the Pallavas extended their rule from southern Andhra to the Tamil region and established their capital at Kanchipuram. Their power increased during the reigns of Mahendravarman I (571 – 630 CE) and Narasimhavarman I (630 – 668 CE). The Pallavas dominated the southern Telugu and the northern parts of the Tamil regions until the end of the 9th century CE. Between 624 and 1323 CE, a significant change came about in the social, religious, linguistic and literary spheres of Andhra society. The Kakatiya dynasty emerged, bringing the entire Telugu land under a unified rule. During this period, the Telugu language emerged as a literary medium through the contributions of Nannaya. In 1323, the Sultan of Delhi, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq sent a large army under the command of Ulugh Khan (who later ruled as Delhi Sultan under the name ''Mohammad bin Tuglhluq'') to conquer the Telugu and lay siege to Warangal. The fall of the Kakatiya dynasty led to a new era under the competing influences of the Turkic kingdoms of Delhi, the Chalukya Chola dynasty (1070 CE until the second half of the 13th century CE) in the south and the Persio-Tajik sultanate of central India. The struggle for Andhra ended with the victory of Musunuri Nayaks over the Turkic Delhi Sultanate. The Telugu achieved independence under the rule of Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646 CE). After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Qutb Shahi dynasty of the Bahmani Sultanate ruled Andhra. The Qutb Shahi was tolerant of Telugu culture from the early part of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century CE. The arrival of Europeans, the French under the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau and the English under Robert Clive, ended another era of Andhra history. In 1765, Lord Robert Clive, along with the Chief and Council at Visakhapatnam, obtained from the Mughal emperor Shah Alam a grant of the five Circars. In 1792, the British achieved complete supremacy when they defeated Maharaja Vijaya Rama Gajapati Raju of Vizianagaram. The foundation for modern Andhra was laid in the struggle for Indian independence under Mohandas Gandhi. The campaign of Potti Sriramulu for a state independent of the Madras state and social reform movements by Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu and Kandukuri Veeresalingam, led to the formation of Andhra State with Karnool as its capital and Tanguturi Prakasampantullu, a freedom fighter, as its first chief minister. A fully democratic society with two stable political parties and a modern economy emerged under the Chief Ministership of N. T. Rama Rao. India became independent from the United Kingdom in 1947. The Muslim Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to retain his independence from India, but was forced to cede his kingdom to India in 1948 to form Hyderabad State. Andhra State was the first state in India to be formed on a mainly linguistic basis. It was carved from the Madras Presidency in 1953. In 1956, Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking area of Hyderabad State to create the state of Andhra Pradesh. The next chapter in the history of the Telugu's began when the Lok Sabha of India approved the formation of Telangana from ten districts of Andhra Pradesh on 18 February 2014. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Andhra Pradesh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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